Period Cramps (Dysmenorrhoea)
Period cramps are caused by prostaglandins triggering uterine contractions. Here's what drives their severity, how to track them, and when cramping warrants medical investigation.
Medical disclaimer
This content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Dawn Phase is not a medical device. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with questions about your health.
What causes it
The shedding uterine lining releases prostaglandins — inflammatory compounds that cause the uterus to contract to expel its contents. Higher prostaglandin production causes stronger contractions and more pain. The pain can radiate to the lower back and thighs. Primary dysmenorrhoea (no underlying cause) is driven purely by this mechanism and typically begins with the onset of flow. Secondary dysmenorrhoea (caused by conditions like endometriosis or fibroids) often starts before flow and can be severe.
How to track it
Log cramp severity (0–10) each day of your period, noting which cycle day they peak on, how long they last, and whether they respond to ibuprofen. Primary dysmenorrhoea typically peaks on days 1–2 and responds to NSAIDs; secondary dysmenorrhoea may peak before flow starts and be resistant to standard pain relief. This pattern is diagnostic.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if cramps are severe and not adequately relieved by over-the-counter NSAIDs, if they start before your period begins and last more than 2–3 days into your flow, if they are getting progressively worse over time, or if they are accompanied by pain during sex or bowel movements — these features suggest endometriosis.
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